Forensic Odontology - also known as forensic dentistry - is essentially concerned with identifying an assailant from their dentition (set of teeth). This would usually be accomplished by comparing dental records to physical bite marks left on a victim.

Additionally, forensic odontology can be used in cases of dental malpractice, medical / legal analysis of trauma [...]

A forensic pathologist is charged with determining cause of death, generally within the framework of criminal law.
A forensic pathologist is a qualified medical doctor who has undertaken further study in anatomical pathology. In the UK a properly and fully qualified forensic pathologist is one who has gained membership of the Royal College of Pathologists.
A forensic [...]

The concept of DNA has been around for much longer than you may imagine.
Though it has been popularised in the last decade or two, it was actually known of in the 1800s.
Two scientists, Francis Crick and James Watson, won the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their work on the structure of DNA.
They had discovered the [...]

Forensic ballistics is concerned with analysing bullets and firearms that have been used in crimes. Whilst it is not always possible to offer a 100% guarantee that a bullet came from a specific gun, it is relatively easy to identify the manufacturer if nothing else.
 
Rifling 
Identification of a bullet became possible with the advent of rifling as far [...]

Forensic archaeology is the marriage of excavation and science. Typically, forensic archaeologists are called to scenes of death by the police. Their main task is to excavate a burial site, under controlled conditions, in order to extract data that can help reconstruct what happened there.

Scientific clues 
Archaeological forensics look for scientific clues to determine such things as the [...]